Witteveen, D., & Velthorst, E. (2020). Economic hardship and mental health complaints during COVID-19. PNAS November 3, 2020. 117,(44), 27277-27284; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009609117
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ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 economic crash is idiosyncratic because of its virtual standstill of economic activity. We therefore ask how individual labor market experiences are related to the development of mental health complaints in the spring of 2020. As clinical data collection was compromised during the lockdowns, standardized surveys of the European labor force provide an opportunity to observe mental health complaints as the crisis unfolded. Data are representative of active members of the labor force of six European nations that contained varying levels of COVID-19 burdens in terms of mortality and lockdown measures. We document a steep occupational prestige level gradient on the probability of facing economic hardship during the lockdowns—looming job loss, income loss, and workload decline—which evidently exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities. Analyses indicate a striking positive relationship between instantaneous economic hardships during the COVID-19 lockdown and expressing feelings of depression and health anxiety. Importantly, the magnitude of the association between such hardships and indicators of mental health deterioration is highly dependent on workers’ occupational standing, revealing a second layer of exacerbating inequality. Observational data are drawn from the WageIndicator Survey of Living and Working, selecting its Coronavirus Times 2020 supplement as filled out by web respondents between week 13 and week 18 of 2020.